IDEO's story started two decades prior to it's inception in 1991 as a merger of three established design firms: David Kelley Design (founded by David Kelley), ID Two (founded by Bill Moggridge), and Matrix Product Design (founded by Mike Nuttall). In 1969, after graduating from the Central School of Art and Design in London, and working for three years as a designer in the United States, Bill Moggridge established a consultancy Moggridge Associates in London. The firm's focus was on product design and development. During the 1970s the business expanded, leading Bill Moggridge to open another design office in 1979 - ID Two, in Palo Alto, California. Soon after, he moved to San Francisco.
Around this time, in 1978, David Kelley finished the master's program in Product Design at Stanford University, With a fellow student Dean Harvey, he opened a firm Hovey-Kelley Design (which, in 1981, became David Kelley Design). David Kelley received his bachelor's degree in engineering from Carnegie Mellon University, and worked as an engineer for National Cash Register (NCR) and Boeing, before going back to school. The first employees at Hovey-Kelley were friends from Stanford, and their first studio was in a cheap office in an aging building with uneven floors, in Palo Alto.
Mike Nuttall received his BA degree in Industrial Design from Leicester College of Art & Design and an MA degree from the Royal College of Art in London. He has worked in Moggridge Associates in London, and in 1981 moved to ID Two in California. By 1983 he opened his own firm Matrix Product Design in Palo Alto.
During the 1980s, in the decade leading up to the formation of IDEO, all three companies established themselves in the field with a number of outstanding projects. While at Stanford, David Kelley had met the founder of Apple Computer Inc, Steve Jobs, and by 1983, David Kelley Design had designed world's first production mouse for Apple's Lisa computer. It was later used on the first Macintosh. In the mid-1980s ID Two designed the first laptop computer, GRiD Compass. Matrix, in the same period, has won more than twenty design awards. The first project combining all three companies was Microsoft "Dove Bar" Mouse - the first ergonomically designed mouse. Each company provided their expertise - Matrix in industrial design, ID Two in human factors, and David Kelley Design in engineering design. In 1990 David Kelley opened several more offices - in Boston and the Chicago area, and in 1991 IDEO formed with the merger of David Kelley Design, ID Two, Matrix, and Moggridge Associates. At that time the company had 125 emplyees in six offices in North America and in Europe.
Apple Mouse
GRiD Compass
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